/*
Theme Name: Websenix-OJS
Theme URI: https://websenix.com
Author: Websenix
Author URI: https://websenix.com
Description: A professional medical journal theme for IJCPM (International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Medicine), inspired by Springer Nature Link. Features article management, manuscript submission, and call for papers system.
Version: 1.0.0
License: GNU General Public License v2 or later
License URI: http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html
Text Domain: websenix-ojs
Tags: journal, medical, academic, publishing, clinical-pharmacy
Requires at least: 6.0
Tested up to: 7.1
Requires PHP: 8.0
*/

/* ==========================================================================
   1. CSS Custom Properties (Design Tokens)
   ========================================================================== */

:root {
    /* Primary Colors */
    --ojs-navy: #003865;
    --ojs-navy-dark: #002447;
    --ojs-navy-deeper: #001a33;
    --ojs-blue: #005a9c;
    --ojs-blue-hover: #003d73;
    --ojs-blue-light: #e8f4fd;
    --ojs-accent: #0070c0;

    /* Neutrals */
    --ojs-white: #ffffff;
    --ojs-off-white: #f8f9fa;
    --ojs-gray-50: #f5f6f7;
    --ojs-gray-100: #eef0f2;
    --ojs-gray-200: #d9dfe5;
    --ojs-gray-300: #c4cdd5;
    --ojs-gray-400: #9ba6b0;
    --ojs-gray-500: #6d7a85;
    --ojs-gray-600: #4a5568;
    --ojs-gray-700: #2d3748;
    --ojs-gray-800: #1d1d1d;
    --ojs-gray-900: #111111;

    /* Semantic */
    --ojs-success: #28a745;
    --ojs-warning: #ffc107;
    --ojs-danger: #dc3545;
    --ojs-info: #17a2b8;

    /* Typography */
    --ojs-font-sans: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
    --ojs-font-serif: Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
    --ojs-font-mono: 'Fira Code', 'Consolas', monospace;

    /* Font Sizes */
    --ojs-text-xs: 0.75rem;
    --ojs-text-sm: 0.8125rem;
    --ojs-text-base: 0.9375rem;
    --ojs-text-md: 1rem;
    --ojs-text-lg: 1.125rem;
    --ojs-text-xl: 1.25rem;
    --ojs-text-2xl: 1.5rem;
    --ojs-text-3xl: 1.875rem;
    --ojs-text-4xl: 2.25rem;

    /* Spacing */
    --ojs-container-max: 1200px;
    --ojs-container-padding: 1.25rem;

    /* Borders & Shadows */
    --ojs-border: #d9dfe5;
    --ojs-border-light: #eef0f2;
    --ojs-shadow-sm: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
    --ojs-shadow-md: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    --ojs-shadow-lg: 0 8px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
    --ojs-shadow-card: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);

    /* Transitions */
    --ojs-transition: 0.2s ease;
    --ojs-transition-slow: 0.35s ease;

    /* Radius */
    --ojs-radius-sm: 4px;
    --ojs-radius-md: 6px;
    --ojs-radius-lg: 8px;
    --ojs-radius-xl: 12px;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   2. Reset & Base
   ========================================================================== */

*,
*::before,
*::after {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

html {
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

body {
    font-family: var(--ojs-font-sans);
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-base);
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: var(--ojs-gray-800);
    background-color: var(--ojs-white);
    overflow-x: hidden;
}

a {
    color: var(--ojs-blue);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color var(--ojs-transition);
}

a:hover {
    color: var(--ojs-blue-hover);
}

img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    display: block;
}

ul, ol {
    list-style: none;
}

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.3;
    color: var(--ojs-gray-900);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   3. Layout Utilities
   ========================================================================== */

.ojs-container {
    max-width: var(--ojs-container-max);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 var(--ojs-container-padding);
}

.ojs-section {
    padding: 2.5rem 0;
}

.ojs-section + .ojs-section {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--ojs-border-light);
}

.ojs-section-title {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-2xl);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--ojs-gray-900);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.ojs-grid {
    display: grid;
    gap: 1.5rem;
}

.ojs-grid-2 {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 1.5rem;
}

.ojs-grid-3 {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 1.5rem;
}

.ojs-grid-4 {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
    gap: 1.25rem;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   4. Top Bar — Springer-Style Dual Bar
   ========================================================================== */

.ojs-topbar {
    background: var(--ojs-white);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ojs-border);
    position: relative;
    z-index: 100;
}

.ojs-topbar-inner {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    padding: 0.6rem var(--ojs-container-padding);
    max-width: var(--ojs-container-max);
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.ojs-logo {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.4rem;
    text-decoration: none !important;
}

.ojs-logo-text {
    font-family: var(--ojs-font-sans);
    font-size: 2.1rem;
    font-weight: 900;
    color: var(--ojs-navy);
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    line-height: 1;
    display: inline-block;
    transition: transform 0.2s ease, color 0.2s ease;
}

.ojs-logo:hover .ojs-logo-text {
    color: var(--ojs-blue);
}

.ojs-logo-badge {
    font-family: var(--ojs-font-sans);
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    color: var(--ojs-gray-500);
}

.ojs-topbar-actions {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 1rem;
}

.ojs-topbar-link {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-sm);
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--ojs-gray-700) !important;
    padding: 0.3rem 0.5rem;
    border-radius: var(--ojs-radius-sm);
    transition: all var(--ojs-transition);
}

.ojs-topbar-link:hover {
    color: var(--ojs-blue) !important;
    background: var(--ojs-blue-light);
}

/* Secondary Nav Bar */
.ojs-navbar {
    background: var(--ojs-white);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ojs-border-light);
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-sm);
    position: relative;
    z-index: 999;
}

.ojs-navbar-inner {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.25rem;
    padding: 0 var(--ojs-container-padding);
    max-width: var(--ojs-container-max);
    margin: 0 auto;
    overflow: visible;
    position: relative;
}

.ojs-nav-link {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 0.75rem 0.65rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--ojs-gray-700) !important;
    white-space: nowrap;
    border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
    transition: all var(--ojs-transition);
}

.ojs-nav-link:hover,
.ojs-nav-link.active {
    color: var(--ojs-blue) !important;
    border-bottom-color: var(--ojs-blue);
}

/* Secondary Navbar Dropdowns */
.ojs-nav-item.ojs-has-dropdown {
    position: relative;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.ojs-nav-dropdown-toggle {
    cursor: pointer;
}

.ojs-dropdown-menu {
    display: none;
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    left: 0;
    min-width: 240px;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--ojs-gray-200);
    border-radius: 6px;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
    padding: 0.5rem 0;
    z-index: 1000;
}

/* Invisible bridge so mouse hover doesn't drop between nav link and menu */
.ojs-dropdown-menu::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: -10px;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 10px;
}

.ojs-nav-item.ojs-has-dropdown:hover .ojs-dropdown-menu,
.ojs-nav-item.ojs-has-dropdown:focus-within .ojs-dropdown-menu {
    display: block;
}

.ojs-dropdown-item {
    display: block;
    padding: 0.55rem 1.1rem;
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--ojs-gray-800) !important;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: background 0.15s ease, color 0.15s ease;
}

.ojs-dropdown-item:hover {
    background: #f1f5f9;
    color: var(--ojs-blue) !important;
}

/* Mobile Hamburger */
.ojs-mobile-toggle {
    display: none;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    padding: 0.5rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    color: var(--ojs-gray-700);
}

.ojs-mobile-toggle svg {
    width: 24px;
    height: 24px;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   5. Masthead / Hero Banner
   ========================================================================== */

.ojs-masthead {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--ojs-navy-deeper) 0%, var(--ojs-navy-dark) 40%, var(--ojs-navy) 100%);
    color: var(--ojs-white);
    padding: 2.5rem 0 2rem;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.ojs-masthead::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: -50%;
    right: -10%;
    width: 500px;
    height: 500px;
    background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(255,255,255,0.03) 0%, transparent 70%);
    border-radius: 50%;
}

.ojs-masthead::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -30%;
    left: -5%;
    width: 400px;
    height: 400px;
    background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(0,90,156,0.15) 0%, transparent 70%);
    border-radius: 50%;
}

.ojs-masthead-inner {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 2rem;
}

.ojs-masthead-content {
    flex: 1;
}

.ojs-masthead-breadcrumb {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-xs);
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.ojs-masthead-breadcrumb a {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7) !important;
}

.ojs-masthead-breadcrumb a:hover {
    color: var(--ojs-white) !important;
}

.ojs-masthead h1,
.ojs-masthead h2,
.ojs-masthead h3,
.ojs-journal-title {
    color: #ffffff !important;
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-3xl);
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    line-height: 1.2;
}

.ojs-journal-badge {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.35rem;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
    padding: 0.25rem 0.75rem;
    border-radius: 20px;
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-xs);
    font-weight: 500;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.ojs-journal-badge svg {
    width: 14px;
    height: 14px;
}

.ojs-masthead-actions {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.ojs-btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.4rem;
    padding: 0.6rem 1.25rem;
    border-radius: var(--ojs-radius-md);
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-sm);
    font-weight: 600;
    cursor: pointer;
    border: none;
    transition: all var(--ojs-transition);
    text-decoration: none !important;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.ojs-btn-primary {
    background: var(--ojs-navy);
    color: var(--ojs-white) !important;
}

.ojs-btn-primary:hover {
    background: var(--ojs-navy-light);
    color: var(--ojs-white) !important;
    transform: translateY(-1px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 43, 73, 0.25);
}

.ojs-masthead .ojs-btn-primary {
    background: var(--ojs-white);
    color: var(--ojs-navy) !important;
}

.ojs-masthead .ojs-btn-primary:hover {
    background: var(--ojs-gray-100);
    color: var(--ojs-navy) !important;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}

.ojs-btn-outline {
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--ojs-navy);
    border: 1.5px solid var(--ojs-navy);
}

.ojs-btn-outline:hover {
    background: rgba(12, 35, 64, 0.06);
    border-color: var(--ojs-navy);
    color: var(--ojs-navy);
}

.ojs-masthead .ojs-btn-outline,
.ojs-hero .ojs-btn-outline,
.c-article-masthead .ojs-btn-outline {
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--ojs-white) !important;
    border: 1.5px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
}

.ojs-masthead .ojs-btn-outline:hover,
.ojs-hero .ojs-btn-outline:hover,
.c-article-masthead .ojs-btn-outline:hover {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
    color: var(--ojs-white) !important;
}

.ojs-btn-blue {
    background: var(--ojs-blue);
    color: var(--ojs-white) !important;
}

.ojs-btn-blue:hover {
    background: var(--ojs-blue-hover);
    color: var(--ojs-white) !important;
    transform: translateY(-1px);
    box-shadow: var(--ojs-shadow-md);
}

.ojs-btn-navy {
    background: var(--ojs-navy);
    color: var(--ojs-white) !important;
}

.ojs-btn-navy:hover {
    background: var(--ojs-navy-dark);
    color: var(--ojs-white) !important;
}

.ojs-btn svg {
    width: 16px;
    height: 16px;
}

/* Masthead Right Side (Sign up / Saved) */
.ojs-masthead-side {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    align-items: flex-end;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   6. Sub-Navigation (Sticky Tabs)
   ========================================================================== */

.ojs-subnav {
    background: var(--ojs-white);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ojs-border);
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    z-index: 90;
    transition: box-shadow var(--ojs-transition);
}

.ojs-subnav.is-stuck {
    box-shadow: var(--ojs-shadow-sm);
}

.ojs-subnav-inner {
    display: flex;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 0;
    max-width: var(--ojs-container-max);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 var(--ojs-container-padding);
    overflow-x: auto;
    -ms-overflow-style: none;
    scrollbar-width: none;
}

.ojs-subnav-inner::-webkit-scrollbar {
    display: none;
}

.ojs-subnav-tab {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 0.85rem 1.15rem;
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-sm);
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--ojs-gray-600) !important;
    white-space: nowrap;
    border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;
    transition: all var(--ojs-transition);
    cursor: pointer;
    position: relative;
}

.ojs-subnav-tab:hover {
    color: var(--ojs-navy) !important;
    background: var(--ojs-gray-50);
}

.ojs-subnav-tab.active {
    color: var(--ojs-navy) !important;
    border-bottom-color: var(--ojs-navy);
}

/* Dropdown inside subnav tab */
.ojs-subnav-dropdown {
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    left: 0;
    background: var(--ojs-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--ojs-border);
    border-radius: var(--ojs-radius-md);
    box-shadow: var(--ojs-shadow-lg);
    min-width: 220px;
    padding: 0.5rem 0;
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    transform: translateY(4px);
    transition: all var(--ojs-transition);
    z-index: 100;
}

.ojs-subnav-tab:hover .ojs-subnav-dropdown {
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    transform: translateY(0);
}

.ojs-subnav-dropdown a {
    display: block;
    padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-sm);
    font-weight: 400;
    color: var(--ojs-gray-700) !important;
    transition: all var(--ojs-transition);
}

.ojs-subnav-dropdown a:hover {
    background: var(--ojs-blue-light);
    color: var(--ojs-blue) !important;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   7. Main Content Area
   ========================================================================== */

.ojs-main {
    padding: 2.5rem 0 4rem;
}

.ojs-content-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 340px;
    gap: 3rem;
    align-items: start;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   8. Overview Section
   ========================================================================== */

.ojs-overview {
    padding: 2rem 0;
}

.ojs-overview-text {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-base);
    line-height: 1.7;
    color: var(--ojs-gray-700);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.ojs-overview-text ul {
    padding-left: 1.25rem;
    margin: 0.75rem 0;
}

.ojs-overview-text ul li {
    list-style: disc;
    margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
    color: var(--ojs-gray-700);
}

.ojs-editor-info {
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
    padding-top: 1.25rem;
    border-top: 2px solid var(--ojs-border-light);
    width: 100%;
}

.ojs-editor-label {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    color: var(--ojs-blue);
    margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}

.ojs-editor-name {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--ojs-navy);
    line-height: 1.35;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.ojs-view-all-link {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.3rem;
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-sm);
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--ojs-blue) !important;
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
}

.ojs-view-all-link:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.ojs-view-all-link svg {
    width: 14px;
    height: 14px;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   9. Call for Papers Section
   ========================================================================== */

.ojs-cfp-section {
    padding: 2rem 0;
}

.ojs-cfp-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 1.25rem;
}

.ojs-cfp-card {
    background: var(--ojs-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--ojs-border);
    border-radius: var(--ojs-radius-lg);
    padding: 1.5rem;
    transition: all var(--ojs-transition);
    position: relative;
}

.ojs-cfp-card:hover {
    border-color: var(--ojs-blue);
    box-shadow: var(--ojs-shadow-md);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.ojs-cfp-label {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-xs);
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    color: var(--ojs-gray-500);
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.ojs-cfp-title {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-md);
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--ojs-blue) !important;
    line-height: 1.4;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.ojs-cfp-title:hover {
    color: var(--ojs-blue-hover) !important;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.ojs-cfp-desc {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-sm);
    color: var(--ojs-gray-600);
    line-height: 1.5;
    display: -webkit-box;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.ojs-cfp-meta {
    margin-top: 0.75rem;
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-xs);
    color: var(--ojs-gray-500);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   10. Latest Issue Section
   ========================================================================== */

.ojs-latest-issue {
    padding: 2rem 0;
}

.ojs-issue-card {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    background: var(--ojs-gray-50);
    border: 1px solid var(--ojs-border-light);
    border-radius: var(--ojs-radius-lg);
    padding: 1.5rem;
}

.ojs-issue-cover {
    width: 120px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.ojs-issue-cover-img {
    width: 100%;
    border-radius: var(--ojs-radius-sm);
    box-shadow: var(--ojs-shadow-sm);
    background: var(--ojs-navy);
    aspect-ratio: 3/4;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: var(--ojs-white);
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-lg);
    text-align: center;
    padding: 0.75rem;
    line-height: 1.3;
}

.ojs-issue-info h3 {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-lg);
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--ojs-gray-800);
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.ojs-issue-date {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-sm);
    color: var(--ojs-gray-500);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   11. Latest Articles Section
   ========================================================================== */

.ojs-articles-section {
    padding: 2rem 0;
}

.ojs-article-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0;
}

.ojs-article-item {
    padding: 1.25rem 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ojs-border-light);
    transition: background var(--ojs-transition);
}

.ojs-article-item:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
}

.ojs-article-item:hover {
    background: var(--ojs-gray-50);
    margin: 0 -1rem;
    padding: 1.25rem 1rem;
    border-radius: var(--ojs-radius-md);
}

.ojs-article-title {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-md);
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--ojs-blue) !important;
    line-height: 1.4;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    display: block;
}

.ojs-article-title:hover {
    color: var(--ojs-blue-hover) !important;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.ojs-article-authors {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-sm);
    color: var(--ojs-gray-600);
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.ojs-article-authors a {
    color: var(--ojs-gray-600) !important;
}

.ojs-article-authors a:hover {
    color: var(--ojs-blue) !important;
}

.ojs-article-meta {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.ojs-badge {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 0.15rem 0.6rem;
    border-radius: 3px;
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-xs);
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

.ojs-badge-type {
    background: var(--ojs-gray-100);
    color: var(--ojs-gray-700);
    border: 1px solid var(--ojs-gray-200);
}

.ojs-badge-oa {
    background: #e6f7e9;
    color: #1a7f37;
    border: 1px solid #c6e9cc;
}

.ojs-badge-review {
    background: #fff3e0;
    color: #bf6c00;
    border: 1px solid #ffe0b2;
}

.ojs-badge-research {
    background: var(--ojs-blue-light);
    color: var(--ojs-blue);
    border: 1px solid #cce4f5;
}

.ojs-article-date {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-xs);
    color: var(--ojs-gray-500);
}

.ojs-article-doi {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-xs);
    color: var(--ojs-gray-500);
    font-family: var(--ojs-font-mono);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   12. Journal Updates Section
   ========================================================================== */

.ojs-updates-section {
    padding: 2rem 0;
}

.ojs-update-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1rem;
}

.ojs-update-item {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1.25rem;
    padding: 1rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--ojs-border-light);
    border-radius: var(--ojs-radius-lg);
    transition: all var(--ojs-transition);
}

.ojs-update-item:hover {
    border-color: var(--ojs-border);
    box-shadow: var(--ojs-shadow-sm);
}

.ojs-update-thumb {
    width: 80px;
    height: 80px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    border-radius: var(--ojs-radius-md);
    overflow: hidden;
    background: var(--ojs-gray-100);
}

.ojs-update-thumb img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
}

.ojs-update-content h4 {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-base);
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.ojs-update-content h4 a {
    color: var(--ojs-blue) !important;
}

.ojs-update-content h4 a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.ojs-update-content p {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-sm);
    color: var(--ojs-gray-600);
    line-height: 1.5;
    display: -webkit-box;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    overflow: hidden;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   13. Sidebar — Journal Information
   ========================================================================== */

.ojs-sidebar {
    position: sticky;
    top: 4rem;
}

.ojs-sidebar-widget {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    background: var(--ojs-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--ojs-border);
    border-radius: var(--ojs-radius-lg);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
    overflow: hidden;
}

.ojs-sidebar-widget-title {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-sm);
    font-weight: 700;
    padding: 1.1rem 1.4rem;
    background: var(--ojs-gray-50);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ojs-border-light);
    color: var(--ojs-navy);
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.ojs-sidebar-widget-content {
    padding: 1.25rem 1.4rem;
}

.ojs-sidebar-links {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.25rem;
}

.ojs-sidebar-links a {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    padding: 0.65rem 0.35rem;
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-sm);
    color: var(--ojs-gray-700) !important;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ojs-border-light);
    transition: all var(--ojs-transition);
    text-decoration: none !important;
}

.ojs-sidebar-links a:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
}

.ojs-sidebar-links a:hover {
    color: var(--ojs-cyan) !important;
    padding-left: 0.6rem;
    background: rgba(0, 115, 152, 0.04);
}

.ojs-alert-signup {
    background: var(--ojs-blue-light);
    border: 1px solid #b8d8f0;
    border-radius: var(--ojs-radius-lg);
    padding: 1.25rem;
    text-align: center;
}

.ojs-alert-signup h4 {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-sm);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--ojs-navy);
    margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}

.ojs-alert-signup p {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-xs);
    color: var(--ojs-gray-600);
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

/* Indexing list */
.ojs-indexing-list {
    columns: 2;
    column-gap: 1rem;
    padding: 0;
}

.ojs-indexing-list li {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-xs);
    color: var(--ojs-gray-600);
    padding: 0.2rem 0;
    break-inside: avoid;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   14. Footer
   ========================================================================== */

.ojs-footer {
    background: var(--ojs-navy-deeper);
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
    padding: 3rem 0 0;
    margin-top: 3rem;
}

.ojs-footer-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
    gap: 2rem;
    padding-bottom: 2.5rem;
}

.ojs-footer-col h5 {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-sm);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--ojs-white);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}

.ojs-footer-col a {
    display: block;
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-sm);
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.65) !important;
    padding: 0.25rem 0;
    transition: all var(--ojs-transition);
}

.ojs-footer-col a:hover {
    color: var(--ojs-white) !important;
    padding-left: 0.25rem;
}

.ojs-footer-bottom {
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    padding: 1.25rem 0;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 1rem;
}

.ojs-footer-copyright {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-xs);
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
}

.ojs-footer-legal {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1.25rem;
}

.ojs-footer-legal a {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-xs);
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5) !important;
}

.ojs-footer-legal a:hover {
    color: var(--ojs-white) !important;
}

.ojs-footer-publisher {
    text-align: center;
    padding: 1rem 0;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-xs);
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
}

.ojs-footer-publisher strong {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   15. Single Article Page
   ========================================================================== */

.ojs-single-article {
    padding: 2rem 0;
}

.ojs-article-header {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    padding-bottom: 1.5rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ojs-border);
}

.ojs-article-header h1 {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-2xl);
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.35;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.ojs-article-authors-list {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.ojs-author-name {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-base);
    color: var(--ojs-blue);
    font-weight: 500;
}

.ojs-author-affiliation {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-xs);
    color: var(--ojs-gray-500);
    display: block;
}

.ojs-article-abstract {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.ojs-article-abstract h2 {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-lg);
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    color: var(--ojs-gray-900);
}

.ojs-article-abstract p {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-base);
    line-height: 1.8;
    color: var(--ojs-gray-700);
}

.ojs-article-download {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
    background: var(--ojs-blue);
    color: var(--ojs-white) !important;
    border-radius: var(--ojs-radius-md);
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-sm);
    transition: all var(--ojs-transition);
}

.ojs-article-download:hover {
    background: var(--ojs-blue-hover);
    color: var(--ojs-white) !important;
    transform: translateY(-1px);
    box-shadow: var(--ojs-shadow-md);
}

.ojs-article-citation {
    margin-top: 2rem;
    padding: 1.25rem;
    background: var(--ojs-gray-50);
    border: 1px solid var(--ojs-border-light);
    border-radius: var(--ojs-radius-md);
}

.ojs-article-citation dt {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-xs);
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--ojs-gray-500);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    margin-bottom: 0.15rem;
}

.ojs-article-citation dd {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-sm);
    color: var(--ojs-gray-700);
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.ojs-article-citation dd:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   16. Archive / Listing Page
   ========================================================================== */

.ojs-archive-header {
    padding: 1.5rem 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ojs-border);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.ojs-archive-header h1 {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-2xl);
    font-weight: 700;
}

.ojs-archive-filters {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 1rem;
    padding: 1rem 0;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.ojs-filter-select {
    padding: 0.5rem 2rem 0.5rem 0.75rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--ojs-border);
    border-radius: var(--ojs-radius-md);
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-sm);
    color: var(--ojs-gray-700);
    background: var(--ojs-white);
    appearance: none;
    background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='12' height='12' viewBox='0 0 12 12'%3E%3Cpath fill='%236d7a85' d='M6 8L1 3h10z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-position: right 0.75rem center;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.ojs-filter-select:focus {
    outline: none;
    border-color: var(--ojs-blue);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(0, 90, 156, 0.15);
}

.ojs-search-input {
    padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--ojs-border);
    border-radius: var(--ojs-radius-md);
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-sm);
    color: var(--ojs-gray-700);
    flex: 1;
    min-width: 200px;
}

.ojs-search-input:focus {
    outline: none;
    border-color: var(--ojs-blue);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(0, 90, 156, 0.15);
}

/* Pagination */
.ojs-pagination {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 0.35rem;
    padding: 2rem 0;
}

.ojs-pagination a,
.ojs-pagination span {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    min-width: 36px;
    height: 36px;
    padding: 0 0.5rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--ojs-border);
    border-radius: var(--ojs-radius-sm);
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-sm);
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--ojs-gray-700);
    transition: all var(--ojs-transition);
}

.ojs-pagination a:hover {
    background: var(--ojs-blue-light);
    border-color: var(--ojs-blue);
    color: var(--ojs-blue);
}

.ojs-pagination .current {
    background: var(--ojs-navy);
    border-color: var(--ojs-navy);
    color: var(--ojs-white);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   17. Submission Form
   ========================================================================== */

.ojs-submission-form {
    max-width: 700px;
}

.ojs-form-group {
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.ojs-form-label {
    display: block;
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-sm);
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--ojs-gray-700);
    margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}

.ojs-form-label .required {
    color: var(--ojs-danger);
}

.ojs-form-input,
.ojs-form-textarea,
.ojs-form-select {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 0.65rem 0.85rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--ojs-border);
    border-radius: var(--ojs-radius-md);
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-base);
    font-family: var(--ojs-font-sans);
    color: var(--ojs-gray-800);
    background: var(--ojs-white);
    transition: all var(--ojs-transition);
}

.ojs-form-input:focus,
.ojs-form-textarea:focus,
.ojs-form-select:focus {
    outline: none;
    border-color: var(--ojs-blue);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(0, 90, 156, 0.12);
}

.ojs-form-textarea {
    min-height: 140px;
    resize: vertical;
}

.ojs-form-help {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-xs);
    color: var(--ojs-gray-500);
    margin-top: 0.3rem;
}

.ojs-form-file {
    padding: 2rem;
    border: 2px dashed var(--ojs-border);
    border-radius: var(--ojs-radius-lg);
    text-align: center;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all var(--ojs-transition);
    background: var(--ojs-gray-50);
}

.ojs-form-file:hover {
    border-color: var(--ojs-blue);
    background: var(--ojs-blue-light);
}

.ojs-form-file input[type="file"] {
    display: none;
}

.ojs-form-file-label {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-sm);
    color: var(--ojs-gray-600);
}

.ojs-form-file-label strong {
    color: var(--ojs-blue);
}

.ojs-form-row {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 1rem;
}

/* Form Messages */
.ojs-form-success {
    background: #e6f7e9;
    border: 1px solid #c6e9cc;
    color: #1a7f37;
    padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
    border-radius: var(--ojs-radius-md);
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-sm);
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.ojs-form-error {
    background: #fdeaea;
    border: 1px solid #f5c6c6;
    color: #c62828;
    padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
    border-radius: var(--ojs-radius-md);
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-sm);
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   18. Page Templates (For Authors, About)
   ========================================================================== */

.ojs-page-content {
    padding: 2rem 0;
}

.ojs-page-content h2 {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-xl);
    font-weight: 700;
    margin: 2rem 0 0.75rem;
    padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--ojs-blue-light);
    color: var(--ojs-navy);
}

.ojs-page-content h3 {
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-lg);
    font-weight: 600;
    margin: 1.5rem 0 0.5rem;
    color: var(--ojs-gray-800);
}

.ojs-page-content p {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
    color: var(--ojs-gray-700);
}

.ojs-page-content ul,
.ojs-page-content ol {
    padding-left: 1.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.ojs-page-content ul li {
    list-style: disc;
    margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
    color: var(--ojs-gray-700);
}

.ojs-page-content ol li {
    list-style: decimal;
    margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
    color: var(--ojs-gray-700);
}

.ojs-info-box {
    background: var(--ojs-blue-light);
    border-left: 4px solid var(--ojs-blue);
    padding: 1.25rem;
    border-radius: 0 var(--ojs-radius-md) var(--ojs-radius-md) 0;
    margin: 1.5rem 0;
}

.ojs-info-box p {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--ojs-navy);
    font-size: var(--ojs-text-sm);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   19. Responsive Design
   ========================================================================== */

@media (max-width: 1024px) {
    .ojs-content-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .ojs-sidebar {
        position: static;
    }

    .ojs-footer-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    :root {
        --ojs-container-padding: 1rem;
    }

    .ojs-mobile-toggle {
        display: block;
    }

    .ojs-topbar-actions {
        display: none;
    }

    .ojs-topbar-actions.is-open {
        display: flex;
        flex-direction: column;
        position: absolute;
        top: 100%;
        left: 0;
        right: 0;
        background: var(--ojs-white);
        padding: 1rem;
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ojs-border);
        box-shadow: var(--ojs-shadow-md);
        z-index: 200;
    }

    .ojs-navbar-inner {
        display: none;
    }

    .ojs-navbar-inner.is-open {
        display: flex;
        flex-direction: column;
    }

    .ojs-journal-title {
        font-size: var(--ojs-text-2xl);
    }

    .ojs-masthead-inner {
        flex-direction: column;
    }

    .ojs-masthead-side {
        align-items: flex-start;
    }

    .ojs-masthead-actions {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: stretch;
    }

    .ojs-cfp-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .ojs-subnav-tab {
        padding: 0.65rem 0.85rem;
        font-size: var(--ojs-text-xs);
    }

    .ojs-footer-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 1.5rem;
    }

    .ojs-footer-bottom {
        flex-direction: column;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .ojs-form-row {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .ojs-article-item:hover {
        margin: 0;
        padding: 1.25rem 0;
    }

    .ojs-issue-card {
        flex-direction: column;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .ojs-grid-2,
    .ojs-grid-3,
    .ojs-grid-4 {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    .ojs-journal-title {
        font-size: var(--ojs-text-xl);
    }

    .ojs-section-title {
        font-size: var(--ojs-text-xl);
    }

    .ojs-btn {
        padding: 0.55rem 1rem;
        font-size: var(--ojs-text-xs);
    }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   20. Utility Classes
   ========================================================================== */

.text-center { text-align: center; }
.text-right { text-align: right; }
.text-muted { color: var(--ojs-gray-500); }
.mt-1 { margin-top: 0.5rem; }
.mt-2 { margin-top: 1rem; }
.mt-3 { margin-top: 1.5rem; }
.mt-4 { margin-top: 2rem; }
.mb-1 { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.mb-2 { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.mb-3 { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.mb-4 { margin-bottom: 2rem; }
.sr-only {
    position: absolute;
    width: 1px;
    height: 1px;
    padding: 0;
    margin: -1px;
    overflow: hidden;
    clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
    white-space: nowrap;
    border-width: 0;
}

/* Print styles */
@media print {
    .ojs-topbar,
    .ojs-navbar,
    .ojs-subnav,
    .ojs-footer,
    .ojs-sidebar,
    .ojs-btn,
    .c-sticky-context-bar {
        display: none !important;
    }

    body {
        font-size: 12pt;
        color: #000;
    }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   Springer Nature Style Single Article Page Layout
   ========================================================================== */

/* Sticky Context Bar */
.c-sticky-context-bar {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 54px;
    background: #ffffff;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ojs-gray-200);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
    z-index: 999;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    transform: translateY(-100%);
    transition: transform 0.25s ease-in-out;
}

.c-sticky-context-bar.visible {
    transform: translateY(0);
}

.c-sticky-context-inner {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    width: 100%;
}

.c-sticky-context-left {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
    overflow: hidden;
    white-space: nowrap;
    text-overflow: ellipsis;
    padding-right: 15px;
}

.c-sticky-context-journal {
    font-weight: 800;
    color: var(--ojs-navy);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    background: #f1f5f9;
    padding: 2px 8px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

.c-sticky-context-title {
    font-family: var(--ojs-font-serif);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #1e293b;
    overflow: hidden;
    text-overflow: ellipsis;
}

.c-sticky-context-right {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

/* Masthead Section */
.c-article-masthead {
    background: #f8fafc;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ojs-gray-200);
    padding: 2.25rem 0 2.5rem;
}

.c-article-masthead-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 260px;
    gap: 2.5rem;
    align-items: start;
}

.c-article-breadcrumbs ol {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0 0 1rem;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: var(--ojs-gray-500);
}

.c-article-breadcrumbs a {
    color: var(--ojs-gray-600);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.c-article-breadcrumbs a:hover {
    color: var(--ojs-blue);
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.c-crumb-sep {
    margin: 0 6px;
    color: var(--ojs-gray-400);
}

.c-crumb-current {
    color: var(--ojs-gray-800);
    font-weight: 600;
}

.c-article-title {
    font-family: var(--ojs-font-serif);
    font-size: 2.15rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.25;
    color: #0f172a;
    margin: 0 0 1.25rem;
    letter-spacing: -0.015em;
}

.c-article-identifiers {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    color: var(--ojs-gray-600);
}

.c-badge-open-access {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 4px;
    background: #ecfdf5;
    color: #059669;
    border: 1px solid #a7f3d0;
    padding: 2px 8px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

.c-link-cite {
    color: var(--ojs-blue);
    text-decoration: underline;
    font-weight: 500;
}

/* Access Bar & PDF Download Button */
.c-article-access-bar {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1rem;
    padding-top: 1rem;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--ojs-gray-200);
}

.c-access-note {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    color: #065f46;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.c-article-masthead-actions {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 1rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.c-btn-download-pdf {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
    background: #0284c7;
    color: #ffffff !important;
    padding: 0.75rem 1.65rem;
    border-radius: 30px;
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-decoration: none !important;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.35);
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.c-btn-download-pdf:hover {
    background: #0369a1;
    transform: translateY(-1px);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.45);
}

.c-btn-download-icon {
    width: 18px;
    height: 18px;
}


/* Journal Masthead Card */
.c-journal-card {
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--ojs-gray-200);
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 1.25rem;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
    text-align: center;
}

.c-journal-card-cover {
    width: 105px;
    height: auto;
    aspect-ratio: 769 / 1024;
    object-fit: cover;
    border-radius: 4px;
    box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
    margin: 0 auto 0.75rem;
    display: block;
}

.c-journal-card-title {
    display: block;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    color: var(--ojs-navy);
    line-height: 1.3;
    margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
}

.c-journal-card-links {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 6px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--ojs-gray-100);
    padding-top: 0.75rem;
}

.c-journal-card-sublink {
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--ojs-blue);
    text-decoration: none;
    text-align: left;
    display: block;
    padding: 4px 6px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    transition: background 0.15s ease;
}

.c-journal-card-sublink:hover {
    background: #f0f9ff;
}

.c-journal-card-submit {
    color: var(--ojs-navy);
}

/* Reading View Layout Grid */
.c-article-main-container {
    padding: 2.5rem 0 4rem;
}

.c-article-layout-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 240px 1fr;
    gap: 3rem;
    align-items: start;
}

/* Sticky Reading Companion Sidebar */
.c-article-reading-companion {
    position: sticky;
    top: 80px;
}

.c-companion-sticky-inner {
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--ojs-gray-200);
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 1.25rem;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03);
}

.c-companion-header h3 {
    margin: 0 0 0.85rem;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
    color: var(--ojs-gray-500);
    font-weight: 700;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ojs-gray-100);
    padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.c-companion-nav {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 2px;
}

.c-companion-link {
    display: block;
    padding: 6px 10px;
    font-size: 0.86rem;
    color: var(--ojs-gray-700);
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: 4px;
    border-left: 2px solid transparent;
    transition: all 0.15s ease;
}

.c-companion-link:hover {
    background: #f1f5f9;
    color: var(--ojs-blue);
}

.c-companion-link.active {
    background: #e0f2fe;
    color: #0369a1;
    font-weight: 600;
    border-left-color: var(--ojs-blue);
}

.c-companion-pdf-widget {
    margin-top: 1.25rem;
    padding-top: 1rem;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--ojs-gray-100);
}

/* Primary Article Column */
.c-article-body-column {
    min-width: 0;
}

.c-article-authors-section {
    padding-bottom: 1.25rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ojs-gray-200);
}

.c-article-author-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: baseline;
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.c-author-item {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: baseline;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.c-author-delimiter {
    margin-right: 0.4rem;
    color: #64748b;
}

.c-author-name {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #1e293b;
}

.c-aff-sup {
    color: var(--ojs-blue);
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 0.72em !important;
    vertical-align: super !important;
    line-height: 0 !important;
    margin-left: 2px;
}

.c-corresp-icon {
    font-size: 0.85em;
    color: #0284c7;
    margin-left: 2px;
}

.c-btn-toggle-affiliations {
    background: none;
    border: none;
    padding: 0;
    color: var(--ojs-blue);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    cursor: pointer;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 4px;
}

.c-btn-toggle-affiliations:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.c-affiliations-collapse {
    background: #f8fafc;
    border: 1px solid var(--ojs-gray-200);
    border-radius: 6px;
    padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
    margin-top: 0.75rem;
}

.c-affiliation-entry {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 8px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: #475569;
    margin-bottom: 6px;
}

.c-aff-badge {
    background: #e2e8f0;
    color: #1e293b;
    font-weight: 700;
    border-radius: 50%;
    width: 18px;
    height: 18px;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

/* Metrics Bar */
.c-article-metrics-bar {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--ojs-gray-200);
    border-radius: 6px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.c-metric-pill {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    color: #334155;
}

.c-metric-icon {
    width: 18px;
    height: 18px;
    color: #64748b;
}

.c-metric-count {
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #0f172a;
}

.c-altmetric-badge {
    background: #eff6ff;
    border: 1px solid #bfdbfe;
    color: #1d4ed8;
    padding: 2px 10px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    font-weight: 700;
}

/* Section Headings & Prose */
.c-article-section {
    margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
    scroll-margin-top: 90px;
}

.c-section-heading {
    font-family: var(--ojs-font-serif);
    font-size: 1.55rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #0f172a;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ojs-gray-200);
    padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
    margin: 0 0 1.25rem;
}

.c-abstract-content {
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--ojs-gray-200);
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 1.5rem 1.75rem;
    line-height: 1.75;
}

.c-abstract-structured h3 {
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--ojs-navy);
    margin: 1rem 0 0.25rem;
}

.c-abstract-structured h3:first-child {
    margin-top: 0;
}

.c-article-keywords {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 6px;
    align-items: center;
    margin-top: 1.25rem;
    padding-top: 1rem;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--ojs-gray-100);
}

.c-keywords-title {
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: var(--ojs-gray-700);
}

.c-keyword-tag {
    background: #f1f5f9;
    color: #334155;
    padding: 3px 10px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
}

.c-article-prose {
    font-family: Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
    font-size: 1.08rem;
    line-height: 1.8;
    color: #1e293b;
}

.c-article-prose p {
    margin-bottom: 1.35rem;
}

.c-article-callout {
    background: #f8fafc;
    border-left: 4px solid var(--ojs-blue);
    padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
    margin: 1.5rem 0;
    font-family: var(--ojs-font-sans);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: #334155;
    border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0;
}

/* Academic Tables */
.c-academic-table-wrap {
    margin: 1.75rem 0;
    overflow-x: auto;
}

.c-academic-table {
    width: 100%;
    border-collapse: collapse;
    font-family: var(--ojs-font-sans);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    border-top: 2px solid #0f172a;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #0f172a;
}

.c-academic-table th {
    padding: 8px 12px;
    text-align: left;
    font-weight: 700;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #0f172a;
    background: #f8fafc;
}

.c-academic-table td {
    padding: 8px 12px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}

.c-table-caption {
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    color: #64748b;
    margin-top: 6px;
    font-style: italic;
}

/* References */
.c-references-list {
    list-style: none !important;
    padding-left: 0 !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    font-size: 10.5pt;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: #334155;
}

.c-ref-item {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 10px;
    margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
}

.c-ref-number {
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #1e293b;
    min-width: 28px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    text-align: right;
}

.c-ref-links {
    margin-top: 4px;
    font-size: 0.82rem;
}

.c-ref-links a {
    color: var(--ojs-blue);
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Declarations & License */
.c-declarations-box {
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--ojs-gray-200);
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 1.5rem;
}

.c-declaration-item {
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.c-declaration-item:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.c-declaration-item h4 {
    margin: 0 0 0.25rem;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--ojs-navy);
}

.c-declaration-item p {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    color: #475569;
}

.c-license-box {
    background: #f0fdf4;
    border: 1px solid #bbf7d0;
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 1.5rem;
}

.c-license-header {
    display: flex;
    gap: 12px;
    align-items: flex-start;
    margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
}

.c-license-header strong {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    color: #166534;
}

.c-license-header p {
    margin: 2px 0 0;
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    color: #15803d;
}

.c-license-body p {
    font-size: 0.86rem;
    color: #166534;
    line-height: 1.6;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.c-license-copyright {
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-top: 0.75rem;
}

/* Interactive Citation Box */
.c-citation-card {
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--ojs-gray-200);
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03);
}

.c-citation-header {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ojs-gray-100);
    padding-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.c-citation-header h3 {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    color: var(--ojs-navy);
}

.c-citation-formats {
    display: flex;
    gap: 4px;
}

.c-format-tab {
    background: #f1f5f9;
    border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
    color: #475569;
    padding: 4px 10px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.15s ease;
}

.c-format-tab:hover {
    background: #e2e8f0;
}

.c-format-tab.active {
    background: var(--ojs-navy);
    color: #ffffff;
    border-color: var(--ojs-navy);
}

.c-citation-display-box {
    background: #f8fafc;
    border: 1px solid var(--ojs-gray-200);
    border-radius: 6px;
    padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
    font-family: ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace;
    font-size: 0.86rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: #1e293b;
    direction: ltr !important;
    text-align: left !important;
    unicode-bidi: isolate;
    white-space: pre-wrap;
    word-break: normal;
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.c-citation-actions {
    display: flex;
    gap: 8px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   About This Journal 5-Section Documentation Styles
   ========================================================================== */
.c-journal-doc-prose h2 {
    font-size: 1.65rem;
    color: var(--ojs-navy);
    margin: 0 0 1rem;
}

.c-journal-doc-prose h3 {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    color: #1e3a8a;
    margin: 1.75rem 0 0.75rem;
}

.c-section-badge-tag {
    display: inline-block;
    background: #e0f2fe;
    color: #0369a1;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
    padding: 2px 8px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}

.c-lead-paragraph {
    font-size: 1.12rem;
    line-height: 1.75;
    color: #1e293b;
    font-weight: 400;
}

.c-two-column-list {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 1.5rem;
}

.c-chips-grid {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 8px;
    margin: 1rem 0 1.5rem;
}

.c-manuscript-chip {
    background: #f1f5f9;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    color: #334155;
    padding: 5px 12px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.c-bullet-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 0.4rem 1.5rem;
    padding-left: 1.25rem;
}

.c-section-divider {
    border: none;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--ojs-gray-200);
    margin: 3rem 0;
}

.c-editor-profile-card {
    background: #f8fafc;
    border: 1px solid var(--ojs-gray-200);
    border-left: 4px solid var(--ojs-navy);
    border-radius: 6px;
    padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
}

.c-editor-role {
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: #0284c7;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

.c-editor-fullname {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    color: var(--ojs-navy);
    margin: 0.2rem 0;
}

.c-editor-credentials {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #475569;
}

.c-editor-affil {
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    color: #64748b;
    margin-top: 0.25rem;
}

.c-board-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(240px, 1fr));
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-top: 0.85rem;
}

.c-board-member-card {
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--ojs-gray-200);
    border-radius: 6px;
    padding: 1rem;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);
}

.c-board-member-card strong {
    display: block;
    color: var(--ojs-navy);
    font-size: 1rem;
}

.c-board-member-card span {
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: #0284c7;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.c-board-member-card small {
    display: block;
    color: #64748b;
    margin-top: 4px;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
}

.c-office-contact-box {
    background: #f0fdf4;
    border: 1px solid #bbf7d0;
    border-radius: 6px;
    padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
    margin-top: 2rem;
}

.c-office-contact-box h4 {
    margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
    color: #166534;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
}

.c-office-contact-box p {
    margin: 0 0 0.25rem;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #15803d;
}

.c-workflow-steps {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 6px 10px;
    align-items: center;
    background: #f1f5f9;
    padding: 1rem;
    border-radius: 6px;
    font-size: 0.86rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #334155;
    margin: 1rem 0;
}

.c-wf-step {
    background: #ffffff;
    padding: 3px 8px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
}

.c-callout-ai {
    background: #fffbeb;
    border: 1px solid #fde68a;
    border-left: 4px solid #f59e0b;
    padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
    border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0;
    margin: 1rem 0;
    color: #92400e;
    font-size: 0.92rem;
}

/* Responsive adjustments */
@media (max-width: 992px) {
    .c-article-masthead-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    .c-article-layout-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    .c-article-reading-companion {
        display: none;
    }
    .c-two-column-list,
    .c-bullet-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
}